in theory

Thân thiện

In theory, the new bridge design should withstand any earthquake.

Definition

Adverb 1. According to an ideal or abstract principle; considered in a general way without considering practical realities or specific details. This phrase is used to state what should be true or possible based on logical reasoning, established rules, or scientific principles, often contrasting with a more complicated reality.

Usage

The phrase "in theory" is used to introduce a statement that is logically or scientifically sound in principle. It often precedes or follows a contrasting statement about practical application, introduced by "but in practice..." or a similar phrase. * It is typically placed at the beginning or end of a clause. * It sets up a distinction between an ideal model and real-world conditions.

Examples

• In theory, the new software should make our work much faster. (This states the expected outcome based on the software's design.)
• The plan is perfect in theory, but we haven't tested it with real customers yet. (Highlights the contrast between the ideal plan and untested reality.)
• In theory, anyone can apply for the grant, but the application process is very complex. (Contrasts the principle of open access with a practical barrier.)
• It's a simple solution in theory. (Implies the idea seems simple when you first think about it logically.)

Advanced Usage

• "In theory... in practice...": This is the most common structure for highlighting a contrast.
  • Example: In theory, democracy gives power to the people. In practice, it can be influenced by many other factors.
• Used to express a hypothetical or purely logical point, sometimes to soften a statement.
  • Example: In theory, you could drive there in six hours, but with traffic, it will take longer.

Variants and Related Words

• Theoretically (adv.): Very similar in meaning and often interchangeable with "in theory." It emphasizes the aspect of abstract thought or hypothesis.
  • Example: Theoretically, a perpetual motion machine is impossible according to the laws of thermodynamics.
• Hypothetically (adv.): Suggests a specific imagined scenario for the sake of argument or exploration.
  • Example: Hypothetically, if we had unlimited funds, what would we do first?
• In principle (adv.): Often used synonymously with "in theory," but can carry a stronger connotation of agreement on fundamental rules or morals.
  • Example: We agree in principle with the proposal, but the details need work.

Synonyms

• Ideally
• Abstractly
• On paper (informal idiom with a very similar meaning)

Antonyms

• In practice
• In reality
• Actually
• Practically

Related Idioms

• On paper: Used to describe how something appears in a plan or description, often before being tested.
  • Example: The team looks great on paper, but they need to prove themselves on the field. (Similar to "in theory," it contrasts the plan with the actual performance.)

Học thuật

Adverb

1. with regard to fundamentals although not concerning details
   • in principle, we agree

Từ đồng nghĩa

• in principle
• in essence